A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Landscape terms
In garden and park art, emphasis is placed on a detail (a group of trees, a tree, or a shrub) within the overall landscape composition. An accent element of the landscape can be a sculpture, a gazebo, or any other architectural form.
Landscape terms
An area equipped for air and sun baths.
Landscape terms
Stylized plant motif used in the design of garden parterres of the 17th–18th centuries. It usually took the form of a bunch of branches, leaves, or petals radiating from a single point at the edge of the parterre.
Landscape terms
The boundary of a garden or park that does not obstruct the view of the surrounding landscape; created using a deep ditch and a retaining wall. This technique was used in parks of the 18th–19th centuries.
Landscape terms
A vehicular or pedestrian road planted on both sides with trees, shrubs, or climbing plants
Landscape terms
Plants with twining or trailing stems. Grown in ampels (hanging pots, baskets, etc.). Used for decorating gazebos, trellises, canopies, etc.
Landscape terms
In ancient Roman architecture, it was an entertainment structure with an elliptical plan. In the 17th–18th centuries they began to build them in parks as decorative structures for holding spectacles. In Baroque parks, the amphitheatre refe…
Landscape terms
A clay vessel with a narrow neck and two handles, intended for decorating parks. Used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for storing wine, oil, and grain.
Landscape terms
A conduit for delivering water from distant sources. As a decorative element in garden and park design, it was introduced into Romantic gardens in the second half of the 18th century.
Landscape terms
A dendrological garden intended for the acclimatization of plants from various climatic zones.
Landscape terms
A green area composed of various trees and shrubs. It is usually used for conducting scientific work on the acclimatization and introduction of woody plants, for forestry, and for the greening of populated areas.
Landscape terms
In ornamental dendrology, it denotes the structure of the crown; it is determined by its size, shape, the nature of branching of shoots and branches, and the beauty of their mutual arrangement.
Landscape terms
A type of garden in which garden buildings, architecture, and other man-made structures predominate.
Landscape terms
The placement of flowers and leaves in a bouquet, in vases, baskets, garlands, wreaths.
Landscape terms
A selection of various species of trees, shrubs, and flowers used for landscaping a particular area or site.
Landscape terms
(ancient Greek α- — «without» and συμμετρια – «non-correspondence») – the absence or violation of symmetry; a principle of organizing elements of a composition that is based on dynamic equilibrium. The opposite principle – symmetry.
Landscape terms
A small house for keeping birds. In parks it has not only a utilitarian but also a decorative function; it is usually located on the shore of a pond.
Landscape terms
An openwork railing for balconies, galleries, staircases, terraces, often formed of low shaped posts - balusters.
Landscape terms
An artistic style that dominated Western Europe from the late 16th century to the mid-18th century. It found expression in the creation of gardens and parks in France, Italy and other countries, including Russia. Characteristic features in…
Landscape terms
An arched alley formed by semicircular woven frames on which the crowns of trees met (linden, hornbeam); an area of a garden surrounded by vaulted alleys. Used in gardens and parks of the Baroque era.
Landscape terms
The art of growing dwarf trees, through which the Japanese created miniature gardens.
Landscape terms
A low, narrow strip of plants bordering individual areas in gardens and parks.
Landscape terms
A closed, geometrically defined space, bordered on all sides by walls of densely planted trees that have been specially clipped. In Baroque-era parks, the enclosed spaces inside bosquets were called cabinets or green halls. The predominant…
Landscape terms
A green area intended for scientific research and cultural and educational work in the fields of botany, plant cultivation, and the greening of populated areas.
Landscape terms
A wide, planted strip set off on the roadway along one or both sides of a street or embankment, intended for pedestrian movement and short-term recreation. The term “boulevard” originally referred to the ramparts of fortress fortifications…
Landscape terms
See Lace parterre.
Landscape terms
A special sports-type lawn whose central part is lowered in the form of a flat hollow. Bulengrin is used to enhance the sense of spaciousness in parks and gardens.
Landscape terms
An element of the internal spatial composition of a bosquet in garden and park design, formed by clipped walls of linden or hornbeam. In French gardens and parks of the 17th–18th centuries most cabinets were decorated with parterres, pools…
Landscape terms
A decorative object made of ceramics, plastic, wood, or wicker for placement indoors and outdoors.
Landscape terms
An ornament in the garden parterre of the 17th–18th centuries, shaped like a partially unfurled scroll with curls. A cypher (monogram), the owner's emblem, was placed in the center of the cartouche.
Landscape terms
A special multi-tiered structure of stone or concrete used for the descent of streams of water at sites of rapid flow in natural rivers and brooks, as well as along artificial watercourses composed of a successive series of small terraces.…
Landscape terms
A disorderly accumulation of wild rocks and large stone boulders. In Romantic parks of the 18th–19th centuries it symbolized the abyss, the primordial state of the material world from which all that exists arose (for example, the Great and…
Landscape terms
A Mexican floating garden: a small islet made of branches and reeds, on which soil was piled and various plants were grown.
Landscape terms
An artistic style of the 18th to the early 19th century that looks to antiquity and ancient art as the norm and ideal model. In Russian park design it is identified with the landscape (picturesque) style of layout, a rejection of regular/f…
Landscape terms
A landscaping technique that involves planting several seedlings in a single planting hole. A cluster group can also be formed by planting on the stump of a young tree to create conditions for the development of lateral shoots.
Landscape terms
Groups of 3–5 trees planted 0.5–1 m apart from each other, forming a common crown of large diameter (a "bouquet" type).
Landscape terms
A separate garden-and-park composition in the gardens and parks of the 17th–18th centuries, parts of which formed the entire ensemble: for example, a parterre compartment consisting of identical flower carpets symmetrically arranged around…
Landscape terms
A specially designated area in a park or botanical garden where plants are arranged — herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and trees — selected according to their flowering times throughout the year.
Landscape terms
A ceremonial forecourt of a palace, villa, or castle laid out as a garden; on the street side it is enclosed by an openwork fence, and on the remaining sides by the wings or ranges of a U-shaped building.
Landscape terms
1) a separate area of a forest, botanical garden, or arboretum; 2) a large group of 20–90 or more specimens of trees and shrubs of a single species; 3) a flower bed edged with turf.
