Adventitious roots
Special terms
Roots that arise on various parts of the shoot (stem, leaves and their derivatives).
Glossary of terms
A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Aerial roots
Special terms
Adventitious roots that develop on aboveground shoots and, as a rule, do not reach the substrate. Common in epiphytic orchids, some aroids, etc. Their main function is the absorption of moisture from the air and photosynthesis (in the latt…
Alternate leaf arrangement
Special terms
The arrangement of leaves in which the leaves are not exactly opposite each other, but are staggered.
Alternate leaves
Special terms
Leaf arrangement in which there is only one leaf at each node of the stem.
Ampel plants
Special terms
These are plants with long hanging shoots, grown in hanging pots and baskets (циссус, традесканция, сеткреазия, многие пеперомии, хлорофитум, камнеломка и др.). The name itself, translated from German, means "hanging vase for flowers." Amp…
Ampelous rosette
Special terms
Type of rosette with a distinct main stem, producing lateral branches and hanging over the edge of the pot.
Annual
Special terms
A plant that completes its life cycle from seed to seed in one year.
Anther
Special terms
The upper part of the stamen, the pollen sac.
Aril (arillus)
Special terms
An outgrowth of the funiculus by which the seed is attached to the wall of the ovary. It may develop into a fleshy, brightly colored structure.
Axillary inflorescence, axillary flower
Special terms
An inflorescence or flower that develops in the axil of a leaf.
Biennial
Special terms
A plant that completes its full life cycle from seed germination to the production of fruits and seeds in two years.
Bonsai
Special terms
A method of cultivating plants in which, through bending, pruning, and other specialized techniques, a miniature form of a mature plant is produced.
Bract, bracteal leaf
Special terms
Reduced or modified green (or otherwise colored) leaf at the base of a flower. Sometimes several bracts are formed.
Buds
Special terms
Plant organs from which shoots, leaves, flowers, or whole plants develop. Distinguished are apical (terminal) buds at the tip of the shoot, axillary buds in the leaf axils, dormant buds that may remain unchanged for a year and sprout only …
Bulbil
Special terms
A more or less formed vegetatively produced primordium of a future plant in the form of a small rosette of leaves or a small bulb. After natural separation from the parent plant it serves for vegetative reproduction. Bulbils may arise in i…
Cachepot
Special terms
Decorative vessel or cover that conceals the container placed inside it holding a plant or bouquet.
Calyx
Special terms
The outer part of the flower, together with the corolla, forming the double perianth. Composed of sepals that are free or fused to varying degrees.
Chimera
Special terms
A special flower coloration, usually not transmitted when propagated by leaf cuttings. Rays radiating from the center of the flower contrast with the main color. Often sold in shops as Dutch commercial cultivars.
Chlorosis
Special terms
A change of the normal color of the leaf to pale yellow. Usually observed in diseased plants and in plants lacking iron salts.
Cladode
Special terms
A modified shoot with a flattened, long-lived, persistently growing stem that performs the functions of a leaf.
Cleistogamous flowers
Special terms
Flowers that do not open during flowering, self-pollinating.
Complete fertilizers
Special terms
Fertilizers that contain all the essential nutrients for plants, as well as micronutrients.
Corolla
Special terms
The inner part of the double perianth of flowering plants, often brightly colored.
Corolla tube
Special terms
The lower, often elongated part of the corolla, formed by the partially or completely fused bases of the petals.
Crown shaping
Special terms
Pruning of trees and shrubs (yew, boxwood, etc.) to shape the crown to the desired configuration.
Cutting
Special terms
Refers to a part of a plant that, under certain environmental conditions, forms the missing organs. Stem cuttings produce roots; leaf cuttings produce roots and buds. A cutting is taken from the tip of the shoot.
Deciduous plant
Special terms
Plants that lose their leaves at the end of the growing season.
Dichotomous branching of the stem
Special terms
Branching of the stem by the division of the apical growth point into two parts.
Dioecious plants
Special terms
Species whose individual plants bear unisexual (only male or only female) flowers
Epiphytes
Special terms
The name itself (from the Greek - "on" and "plant") describes the lifestyle of these plants, which grow on the trunks and branches of trees, using them only as support. In nature, epiphytic plants grow high in the tree canopy, where they f…
Etiolation
Special terms
The process of loss of green coloration in plants when they are grown in darkness or under insufficient light. Etiolated plants are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll, a white or yellow color, and poor development of cell walls, v…
Flower
Special terms
This is a shortened shoot with modified leaves adapted for sexual reproduction and seed formation.
Follicle
Special terms
Dry fruit formed from a single carpel, opening along a longitudinal slit.
Frond (fertile frond)
Special terms
A fern leaf that bears sporangia. Often it is not visually distinguishable from ordinary (non-spore-bearing) green leaves; however, in some species, for example the staghorn fern, this difference is quite pronounced.
Fruit
Special terms
After fertilization, not only seeds but also fruits develop. Most often the fruit develops from the ovary of the pistil. Fruits are extremely diverse in structure, number of seeds, presence of adaptations for reproduction, and other featur…
Fruit-bearing plants
Special terms
Unlike sterile (non-fruiting) plants, they, thanks to "sexual organs" (the pistil and pollen), produce fruits.
Generative reproduction
Special terms
Sexual reproduction, reproduction by seeds.
Genus
Special terms
The main taxonomic rank above the species that groups phylogenetically closely related species.
Germination temperature
Special terms
The optimal soil and air temperature at which seed germination occurs.
Glandular pubescence
Special terms
Pubescence of glandular hairs. Usually recognized by thickenings on the hairs. Glandular hairs (glandular trichomes, glands) are unicellular or multicellular outgrowths or hairs on leaves, stems, flowers and fruits that produce, concentrat…