Plum

Family Rosaceae. Found in the southwest of Krasnodar Krai, in the Western Transcaucasus (Abkhazia, Adjara, area of Kutaisi), in the Mediterranean, the Balkans, and Asia Minor. Grows on damp meadows of lowlands and foothills, on fine-sandy, fairly well-aerated soils poor in nitrogen, very dry (is an indicator of dry habitats).

Plum varieties:

Renklod kolkhozny. Trees of medium vigor, winter-hardy, begin fruiting in the 4th year, yield abundant and annual. Fruits medium-sized, light yellow, juicy, sweet. Ripen in early September.

Skorospelka Krasnaya (Red Early, Skorospelka Pink, Skorospelka Early). A folk-selected variety. Trees of medium size, winter-hardy; grafted trees enter the fruiting period in the 4th–5th year, while sucker-rooted ones in the 6th–7th year. Yield is annual and high. Fruits medium-sized, dark red with a bluish bloom. Flesh sugary, of mediocre taste. Fruits ripen unevenly during the second half of August.

Pamyat Timiryazeva. In many gardens of the Moscow region this variety has proven very valuable and promising. Trees of medium vigor, winter-hardy, begin fruiting in the 3rd–4th year, yield high. Fruits medium-sized, yellowish with a bright blush, flesh juicy, sweet, pleasant in taste. Ripen in early September. Used fresh and for industrial processing.

Iskra. Trees are small with a spreading crown. The variety is fairly winter-hardy; yield is average. Iskra trees are propagated by budding or by suckers. Fruits are dark red with a pronounced waxy bloom. Many subcutaneous dots on the fruits are clearly visible. Flesh yellow or pinkish-yellow, juicy, sweet-sour. Fruits ripen in mid or late September. Fruits are eaten fresh after harvest or used to make jam, preserves, compotes.

Vengerka Moskovskaya. A folk-selected variety, winter hardiness is medium. Fruits are ovoid-elongated, medium-sized, dark red with an intense waxy bloom. Flesh yellowish, sweet-sour. Taste qualities quite satisfactory. Fruits ripen in the second half of September.

Record. A valuable trait of Record is relatively early fruit ripening: in the beginning of the second ten-day period of August. Yield is high. Average fruit weight 29 g, shape oval. Skin colored dark blue, almost black when ripe. Many subcutaneous dots on the fruits, well visible, gray. Flesh yellow-green, medium density, sour or sweet-sour when fully ripe. Taste qualities good. Fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and for industrial processing.

Tulskaya (Tula Black). A local plum variety of unknown origin. In Tula region it is called Tula Black, in Bryansk — Bryansk Late, in Kaluga — Meshchevsky prunes. Variety is medium-winter-hardy. It begins to fruit in the 5th–6th year, very productive. Trees aged 10–12 years yield up to 20 kg of fruit. Fruits large (27–28 g), rounded-oval, dark blue with a waxy bloom, tasty. Ripen in the first half of September. Fruits are used for drying, and for making jam, preserves, compotes.

Biryulevka. Mid-early variety. Fruits blue, good quality. Variety of table and processing purpose. Yield 15–17 kg per tree.

Druzhba. Mid-early variety, table purpose, winter-hardy, productive (26 kg per tree).

Sizy Golubok. Mid-late variety, fruits very valuable for processing, with good taste qualities. Yield 17–18 kg per tree.

Yayichnaya Sinyaya. Productive variety (18–22 kg per tree), fruits large, ripen early, purple, good quality, table purpose.

Cultivation conditions:

Plum is demanding in cultivation conditions. It grows well on moist, loamy, well-drained and warmed soils rich in nutrients. Of all fruit trees, plum is the most demanding for moisture, so irrigation during the growing season is highly desirable. However, it tolerates excess moisture (waterlogging) poorly. Groundwater should be at least 1.5 meters below the soil surface.

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