Eastern hornbeam

Family Betulaceae. Crimea, the Caucasus, the Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran. Protected in reserves. A component of shrubland on rocky and dry mountain slopes, often in the understory of coniferous forests.

Restorative, shade-tolerant xerophyte (hemixerophyte), mesotherm, mesotroph, calciphile, anthropogenically-progressive edifier. In cultivation since 1739, mainly in the collections of botanical gardens of Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, and in the landscaping of southern cities.

Tree up to 5 m, rarely 8(18) m tall. Grows shrubby, height 1.3 m, diameter of the crown 120 cm. Vegetative period from the second half of April to early–mid October. Growth rate medium. Does not flower. Winter hardiness very low.

based on materials from the website www.flower.onego.ru