Caucasian hornbeam

Family Betulaceae. Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Asia. In the mountains up to 1000 m above sea level, rarely forms pure stands, common in the second tier of broad‑leaved forests. Shade‑tolerant mesophyte, mesotherm, mesotroph, a successional species of broad‑leaved forests, a structuring (edifier) species of secondary forests.

Tree up to 30–35 m tall. After significant freezing in the winter of 1978/79 they grow in a bushy form, height 7.1 m, crown diameter 420 cm. Vegetation period from early May to early October. Growth rate medium. Does not flower. Low winter hardiness.