A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Ландшафтные термины
The architecture of open spaces, a branch of urban planning whose goal is the formation of a favorable external environment for people’s daily life and recreation in cities, suburban and resort areas, and rural areas, taking into account f…
Ландшафтные термины
A developed forest area organized into a specific landscape and spatial planning system through the gradual reconstruction of plantings and the arrangement of vehicular roads, promenade alleys, pedestrian paths, lawns, drainage channels, e…
Ландшафтные термины
A garden pavilion of the large gazebo type, usually with lavish architectural ornamentation. The term was widely used in the early 18th century (for example, the Lusthauses of the second Summer Garden in St. Petersburg are known).
Ландшафтные термины
A large element of a garden-park landscape consisting of park-forming vegetation (from 1–4 to several dozen hectares); flower compositions covering an area of 80–150 m².
Ландшафтные термины
An area on which monumental architectural structures are placed — mausoleums, pantheons, sculptural groups, obelisks of glory and monuments dedicated to outstanding events in the history of the people. It is usually designed as a park with…
Ландшафтные термины
A small house for keeping birds. In parks it has not only a utilitarian but also a decorative function; it is usually located on the shore of a pond.
Ландшафтные термины
An artificially created composition of green plantings, organically connected with the terrain and water bodies. A composition of landscaped elements can be regarded as a system of sequentially unfolding micro-landscapes.
Ландшафтные термины
A mixed border, a colorful and distinctive type of flower arrangement. A mixed border blooms throughout the entire growing season.
Ландшафтные термины
A method of arranging a flowerbed, a small garden area, or a section of a park, based on a geometric system of modules that repeat at regular intervals. For example, squares edged with paving, with varied or uniform planting (flowers, orna…
Ландшафтные термины
Gardens (rose gardens, dahlia gardens, lilac gardens, etc.) in which a single plant is dominant.
Ландшафтные термины
A decorative structure made of stacked stones in the form of slopes or retaining walls. Planting soil is pressed into the cracks between the stones and ornamental herbaceous plants are planted there (xerophytes, less often inhabitants of m…
Ландшафтные термины
A richly decorated domed structure with a bathing pool in the gardens of Ancient Rome; in Greece - a shady grotto with water features, surrounded by a variety of vegetation.
Ландшафтные термины
A planting bordering forest stands, clumps, and large tree-and-shrub groups along their perimeter. It is an important element in the composition of lawns and glades. It requires careful selection and combination of species to create color …
Ландшафтные термины
A park structure with one or more halls intended for cultivating citrus and other exotic plants. It can serve as a winter garden.
Ландшафтные термины
A building or area for physical exercises in Ancient Greece.
Ландшафтные термины
1) a light wooden trellised hedge. Installed along the edges of rectangular or square boskets; 2) a palisade of logs driven into the ground, used to stabilize slopes.
Ландшафтные термины
A stylized palm leaf, one of the elements of ornamental design in a garden parterre.
Ландшафтные термины
A slightly inclined plane that replaces a staircase.
Ландшафтные термины
An ancient Persian garden characterized by an abundance of roses, fountains, and ponds.
Ландшафтные термины
A low wall serving as a protective barrier for terraces, embankments, stairways, steep slopes, and roads.
Ландшафтные термины
An extensive (usually more than 10–15 ha) landscaped green area, improved and artistically arranged for outdoor recreation. The term entered the Russian language in the 18th century from England and originally meant a natural grove or a pi…
Ландшафтные термины
A decorative composition on a horizontal (sometimes slightly sunken) plane, conceived as an open space that is laid out with a lawn, flowerbed, pond, or sculpture. Parterres are divided into flower, lawn, and lacy types.
Ландшафтные термины
A type of classic garden parterre characterized by a relatively simpler design formed using lawn and sand, sometimes incorporating flowers.
Ландшафтные термины
A type of garden parterre with an intricate pattern made of <мертвых> materials, usually set against a sand background. Characteristic of the heyday of classical garden art in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
Ландшафтные термины
A type of embroidered (lace) parterre that was combined with clipped lawn surfaces; the background was usually crushed tile.
Ландшафтные термины
A garden in the formal style dominated by lawns, flowerbeds, and ponds. Trees and shrubs are usually placed on the periphery of clumps and beds; plants are regularly clipped and shaped into spheres, cubes, squares, etc.
Ландшафтные термины
An inner courtyard of a residential building; compositionally linked with the interiors of buildings and includes elements such as a fountain, an ornamental pool, stone paving, etc.
Ландшафтные термины
A technique in garden and park art, originating in the ancient gardens of China and Japan, developed in England, France, Russia and other countries in the 18th–19th centuries, characterized by the picturesqueness of groups of trees placed …
Ландшафтные термины
A park (or part of a park) for walks and for contemplating scenes of <естественной> nature. It is distinguished by the free arrangement of roads, alleys and other layout elements, and usually includes extensive bodies of water, glades and …
Ландшафтные термины
A garden or park structure consisting of one or two rows of columns or posts that support a horizontal latticework covered with climbing plants. It is placed at the entrance to a garden, above part of an avenue or walkway, etc.
Ландшафтные термины
An inner courtyard with a pool, fountain, and flowerbed, surrounded by a colonnade, characterized by a regular composition and enclosure. In Ancient Rome, the walls of the peristyle were often painted with park landscapes to create an illu…
Ландшафтные термины
Monumental piers or columns at the entrance to a park, on the central square, and in other ceremonial locations.
Ландшафтные термины
Flower edging of a garden parterre.
Ландшафтные термины
These are predominantly low-growing wild perennials that spread by rooting shoots and are valued for their showy flowers and ornamental foliage. They are used for ornamental plantings, typically on sites with extreme growing conditions: on…
Ландшафтные термины
A medieval public park outside the city walls in the form of a large lawn with alleys and ponds for relaxation and games.
Ландшафтные термины
An artistic style, a variety of Romanticism that spread in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It influenced the architecture of park structures that imitated medieval Gothic buildings — “knightly” castles, fortresses, etc. (…
Ландшафтные термины
A flower bed in the form of a narrow strip along an avenue or path; planted in multiple rows with one or several species of annual plants.
Ландшафтные термины
A park stand with low vertical canopy closure, whose characteristic feature is the absence of undergrowth. Allows creation of deep perspectives.
Ландшафтные термины
1) a collection or decorative plot (part of a park or garden) intended for cultivating and exhibiting various species and varieties of roses; 2) a thicket of wild dog-roses.
Ландшафтные термины
A garden or park area where ornamental plants are combined with rocks.
