A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Ландшафтные термины
a view, a narrow perspective directed by framing planes toward an outstanding element of the landscape — the focus of the perspective. It includes the viewpoint (the place from which perception is optimal), the framing (, fixing the view),…
Ландшафтные термины
A small garden located on a roof, gallery, or special stone supports. It has a built-up soil layer for cultivating grasses, flowers, ornamental shrubs, and sometimes trees. Instead of a continuous soil layer, special portable containers fo…
Ландшафтные термины
A natural or artificially constructed descending stream of water between two bodies of water at different levels. Installed in gardens and parks on changes of relief. Especially characteristic of romantic landscape-style parks (Alupka, Sof…
Ландшафтные термины
Special devices that appeared in the parks and gardens of the early Baroque. They were intended to spray thin streams of water on unsuspecting visitors.
Ландшафтные термины
A large cage, pavilion, or area enclosed by a ditch or mesh, for keeping birds or animals.
Ландшафтные термины
A man-made turf sward composed of perennial grasses. Depending on their purpose, lawns are classified as sports, special-purpose, and ornamental (parterre, common, and meadow).
Ландшафтные термины
A colorful flowering lawn. Formed from flowering plants or from their mixture with perennial grasses.
Ландшафтные термины
Vertical grading of areas to be landscaped with the aim of architectural and artistic transformation of the terrain.
Ландшафтные термины
A four-sided pillar topped with a sculpted head or bust.
Ландшафтные термины
A memorial grove with statues and "memorial" trees.
Ландшафтные термины
A small park structure in the form of an open colonnaded pavilion, usually situated on an elevation or terminating a vista. It first appeared in the second half of the 17th century in France.
Ландшафтные термины
Groups of 3–5 trees planted 0.5–1 m apart from each other, forming a common crown of large diameter (a "bouquet" type).
Ландшафтные термины
An artificial park structure for resting in the shade, modeled after a natural grotto in rock or in formations of natural stones.
Ландшафтные термины
Woody or shrub plants planted close to one another that, according to the designer's intent, play a specific compositional role in forming the landscape of a garden or park; they are usually arranged along the edges of woodlands, on lawns …
Ландшафтные термины
A green area composed of various trees and shrubs. It is usually used for conducting scientific work on the acclimatization and introduction of woody plants, for forestry, and for the greening of populated areas.
Ландшафтные термины
A turf construction forming a projection along a fence. A widespread feature of medieval gardens.
Ландшафтные термины
A forest road, a clearing in a dense park or forest park, and also a view along alleys in Baroque-era parks and between groups of trees in a landscape park.
Ландшафтные термины
Plantings of trained or freely growing trees or shrubs (or their combination) intended to produce dense, impenetrable vegetation. They are usually trimmed to form a green wall. Depending on their purpose, hedges can be single-, double- or …
Ландшафтные термины
A technique for shaping a park landscape by planting trees 1–1.5 m apart from each other in order to more rapidly create compact stands. Such plantings, during the stage of trunk formation, are more stable and develop well. Thinning is car…
Ландшафтные термины
A large glazed room or part of a room for growing exotic plants. It is furnished with pools, sculptures, and fountains.
Ландшафтные термины
Division of the territory of a settlement, park, garden, or homestead plot into zones with different functional purposes.
Ландшафтные термины
Translated from Japanese, it means 'preserving flowers in a second life' and is an ancient original art of floral arrangement in Japan.
Ландшафтные термины
Introduction of plants into localities where they were previously absent. A method of enriching our fields, vegetable gardens, botanical gardens and parks with valuable plant species.
Ландшафтные термины
In Ancient Rome, a garden of a characteristic shape in the form of a rectangle rounded on one side.
Ландшафтные термины
A gentle staircase with low treads and inclined steps.
Ландшафтные термины
An element of the internal spatial composition of a bosquet in garden and park design, formed by clipped walls of linden or hornbeam. In French gardens and parks of the 17th–18th centuries most cabinets were decorated with parterres, pools…
Ландшафтные термины
An ornament in the garden parterre of the 17th–18th centuries, shaped like a partially unfurled scroll with curls. A cypher (monogram), the owner's emblem, was placed in the center of the cartouche.
Ландшафтные термины
A special multi-tiered structure of stone or concrete used for the descent of streams of water at sites of rapid flow in natural rivers and brooks, as well as along artificial watercourses composed of a successive series of small terraces.…
Ландшафтные термины
A decorative object made of ceramics, plastic, wood, or wicker for placement indoors and outdoors.
Ландшафтные термины
1) an element of garden-park composition, introduced already in the Middle Ages, with flower beds, gazebos, sculptures: 2) part of a forest-park area bounded by clearings.
Ландшафтные термины
A method of planting trees in staggered rows in a checkerboard pattern, with crowns pruned into a single line and trunks left clear at the base. It forms a single volume and provides visibility along diagonal directions between the trunks;…
Ландшафтные термины
An artistic style of the 18th to the early 19th century that looks to antiquity and ancient art as the norm and ideal model. In Russian park design it is identified with the landscape (picturesque) style of layout, a rejection of regular/f…
Ландшафтные термины
A group of trees and shrubs on an open glade in a landscape park, formed in the shape of a circle or oval; in a formal park since the mid-19th century a flowerbed denotes a flower planting located at the intersection of paths, in front of …
Ландшафтные термины
A separate garden-and-park composition in the gardens and parks of the 17th–18th centuries, parts of which formed the entire ensemble: for example, a parterre compartment consisting of identical flower carpets symmetrically arranged around…
Ландшафтные термины
A small area in front of a house in the form of a flat garden divided into squares or rectangles with a clear axial layout, predominantly featuring lawns and borders.
Ландшафтные термины
A group of trees or shrubs that limits the view of an open space or landscape.
Ландшафтные термины
A ceremonial forecourt of a palace, villa, or castle laid out as a garden; on the street side it is enclosed by an openwork fence, and on the remaining sides by the wings or ranges of a U-shaped building.
Ландшафтные термины
1) a separate area of a forest, botanical garden, or arboretum; 2) a large group of 20–90 or more specimens of trees and shrubs of a single species; 3) a flower bed edged with turf.
Ландшафтные термины
Intricate passages; appeared in gardens of the Renaissance era and became widespread in Russian parks of the 18th–19th centuries. Labyrinths in parks are usually formed from tall clipped living hedges (using hornbeam, linden, laurel). Unti…
Ландшафтные термины
1) a natural territorial complex, an area of the Earth's surface bounded by natural limits, within which natural components (relief, soil, vegetation, bodies of water, climate, animal life), as well as artificial, i.e. anthropogenic compon…
