Rotunda
Ландшафтные термины
An open or enclosed building supported by columns, most often topped by a dome.
Glossary of terms
A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Continuous flowering garden
Ландшафтные термины
A specially designated area in a park or botanical garden where plants are arranged — herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and trees — selected according to their flowering times throughout the year.
Chinampa garden
Ландшафтные термины
A Mexican floating garden: a small islet made of branches and reeds, on which soil was piled and various plants were grown.
Symmetry
Ландшафтные термины
(ancient Greek συμμετρία – «uniformity», «proportion») – the appropriateness of the placement of elements of an object's form relative to a straight line (axis of symmetry), which is perceived by the eye as a particular kind of orderliness…
Skansen
Ландшафтные термины
An open-air museum that houses ethnographic monuments from various districts of the region; mainly these are examples of traditional wooden architecture.
Solitaire
Ландшафтные термины
A tree or shrub growing separately.
Staffage
Ландшафтные термины
Figures of people, small genre scenes introduced into the composition of a landscape park to enliven it.
Terrace
Ландшафтные термины
A horizontal or slightly inclined platform forming a ledge on a slope of natural or artificial origin.
Topiary art
Ландшафтные термины
An ancient art of shaped pruning of trees and shrubs, giving them geometric and fantastical forms (for example, animals, architectural structures, etc.). Plants used include, for example, bay laurel, biota, privet and other plants with fin…
Trellis
Ландшафтные термины
A lightweight wooden lattice or an openwork structure made from other materials, used as a framework for climbing plants.
Fountain (Ital. fontana, from Latin fons, fontis — source, spring)
Ландшафтные термины
A structure that serves as a base or framing for jets of water that shoot upward or flow downward. Originally fountains were built primarily as a source of drinking water. Later, the combination of moving water with architecture, sculpture…
Chaos
Ландшафтные термины
A disorderly accumulation of wild rocks and large stone boulders. In Romantic parks of the 18th–19th centuries it symbolized the abyss, the primordial state of the material world from which all that exists arose (for example, the Great and…
Espalier
Ландшафтные термины
A row of densely planted trees, pruned into a wall or trained on supports. The support is a wooden or metal lattice or wire stretched in several rows and attached to posts.
Stem
Ландшафтные термины
The leafless, branch-free section of the trunk from the root collar to the first scaffold branch of the crown. As a rule, standard trees are formed for avenue plantings or as solitary specimens.
Hermitage
Ландшафтные термины
A structure characteristic of the period of development of garden-park and palace art of the 17th–18th centuries, representing an architectural building situated in the depths of a park, away from the palace or the main house of an estate,…
Esplanade
Ландшафтные термины
A wide undeveloped open space in front of public buildings on squares and in large parks. Parterres and wide alleys with fountains and sculptures are arranged on an esplanade.
Ephemeral structures
Ландшафтные термины
Temporary lightweight structures in 18th-century parks designed for an illusory or fleeting effect (for example, a tent imitating a stone building, a footbridge made of living trees, etc.).
Japanese garden
Ландшафтные термины
A traditional work of garden and landscape art, characterized by the symbolic representation of nature in small spaces, subtle elaboration of details, creating in the visitor a certain state of contemplation.