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Glossary of terms

A reference section with categories and short explanations.

Found: 403

Testa

Термины кактусовода

The outer covering of a seed, its seed coat, has recently become an important subject in resolving questions of plant classification through the process of "dactyloscopic" analysis of the surface pattern.

Tissues

Термины кактусовода

A collection of cells. They are divided into three systems: the protective (epidermis), the conducting (vascular), and the fundamental (ground) — all of these are permanent tissues formed by meristematic tissues (meristems).

Tolerant species

Термины кактусовода

Species fully adapted to the biotype and biotope.

Topotype

Термины кактусовода

A specimen collected in the same locality as the type.

Point (spot) mutation

Термины кактусовода

Insertion, deletion, or alteration of one of the nucleotides in a molecule of chromosomal DNA.

Growing point

Термины кактусовода

The tip of the main organ (stem, root), composed of formative tissue represented by a group of meristematic cells.

Transpiration

Термины кактусовода

The process of plant respiration, the plant-regulated rate of water loss during life processes. The main organs of transpiration in cacti are the epidermal stomata.

Tubular flower (tube-shaped)

Термины кактусовода

A flower with united corolla petals and calyx lobes (sepals) when the perianth is double. Often the petals have a short reflex at the tips.

Tubercles

Термины кактусовода

Outgrowths, bumps. In lichens, these are specialized outgrowths that have become organs of vegetative reproduction.

Turgor

Термины кактусовода

The turgid state of cells, tissues, and organs of a plant that gives them strength and elasticity due to the uptake of a sufficient amount of water; a characteristic of a cactus reflecting the degree of saturation of the stem with moisture.

Stamens

Термины кактусовода

A component of a flower's structure; includes the filament and the anthers.

Rooting

Термины кактусовода

The process of root formation.

Bevel

Термины кактусовода

Circular removal of cactus tissue during cuttings or grafting, preventing the retraction of drying tissues. It looks like "sharpening to a pencil".

Fasciation

Термины кактусовода

An abnormal alteration of the natural form of stems and, less frequently, flowers, leading to the appearance of cristate (crested) sections or of the entire plant. The causes of this phenomenon are not sufficiently studied.

Phenological types of plants

Термины кактусовода

Plants with similar duration and timing of the onset and end of the vegetative period and dormancy.

Phenology

Термины кактусовода

System of knowledge about seasonal phenomena of nature and the timing of their changes.

Phenotype

Термины кактусовода

(From Greek phaino - I appear, I reveal and type) the aggregate of all traits and properties of an individual that have formed in the process of interaction between its genotype and the external environment. In other words, a particular ca…

Enzymatic treatment

Термины кактусовода

Treatment of seeds with biological catalysts — enzymes, accelerating seed germination. Simulates the passage of seeds through the digestive tract of animals.

Enzymes [enzymes, biocatalysts]

Термины кактусовода

(From Latin fermentum - fermentation, leaven) specific proteins present in all living cells and playing the role of biological catalysts.

Fertility

Термины кактусовода

The ability of a mature organism to produce viable offspring, i.e., to set fruits with seeds that germinate after ripening.

Plant physiology

Термины кактусовода

A branch of botany that studies the general patterns of the life activities of plant organisms (metabolism, nutrition, growth, reproduction, developmental phases).

Graft fixation

Термины кактусовода

Securing the scion to the rootstock to ensure their union.

Phylogenesis

Термины кактусовода

The process of historical development of both individual species and systematic (taxonomic) groups. Closely related to ontogeny. Depicted as a phylogenetic tree.

Phylogenetic relationships

Термины кактусовода

Relationships between groups of plants that form the basis of categorization.

Phytoncides

Термины кактусовода

Antimicrobial substances of plant origin.

Phytocenosis

Термины кактусовода

A stable community of plants of one or many generations, uniform within itself but different from neighboring ones.

Flavonoids

Термины кактусовода

Phenolic compounds present in higher plants, including pigments that give color to various plant organs (red, yellow, blue, etc.).

Flora

Термины кактусовода

An evolutionarily and historically formed assemblage of plant species inhabiting a particular territory, or a list of plant species occurring in a given territory.

Floral meristem

Термины кактусовода

This is the meristem from which flowers and inflorescences develop. It represents a modified apical meristem (during the transition to the reproductive stage). Shallow depth and a rather marked expansion in width are common histological fe…

Floral tissues

Термины кактусовода

From English floral — relating to the flower, i.e. the entire complex of tissues related to the flower. (Collins English Learner's Dictionary, 1975). This term is not used in Russian botanical literature.

Photoperiodism

Термины кактусовода

Plants' response to the relative lengths of day and night. The primary characteristic is flowering.

Photosynthesis

Термины кактусовода

The process by which plants produce organic substances using the energy of sunlight captured by chlorophyll.

Phototype

Термины кактусовода

Photograph of the type specimen.

Phototropism

Термины кактусовода

Orientation of axial organs (stem, root) to illumination, manifested as directed growth or bending of them toward light (+Ф) or away from light (-Ф).

Fusariosis

Термины кактусовода

Fungal disease of cacti.

Fungicides

Термины кактусовода

Substances that kill fungi.

Funiculus

Термины кактусовода

(From Latin funiculus - stalk, cord) - the seed stalk by which the ovule is attached to the wall of the ovary (placenta).