Outline
Ландшафтные термины
The linear outline of an object, the contour of a tree or shrub; 2) a plan of an area, drawn by hand, indicating the planting locations of plants, the arrangement of structures, roads, etc.
Glossary of terms
A reference section with categories and short explanations.
Agraf
Ландшафтные термины
Stylized plant motif used in the design of garden parterres of the 17th–18th centuries. It usually took the form of a bunch of branches, leaves, or petals radiating from a single point at the edge of the parterre.
Aqueduct
Ландшафтные термины
A conduit for delivering water from distant sources. As a decorative element in garden and park design, it was introduced into Romantic gardens in the second half of the 18th century.
Accent
Ландшафтные термины
In garden and park art, emphasis is placed on a detail (a group of trees, a tree, or a shrub) within the overall landscape composition. An accent element of the landscape can be a sculpture, a gazebo, or any other architectural form.
Alley
Ландшафтные термины
A vehicular or pedestrian road planted on both sides with trees, shrubs, or climbing plants
Rock garden (alpinarium)
Ландшафтные термины
A rock garden that reflects the beauty of a mountain landscape and its flora. It is characterized by the combination of low-growing alpine plants with rocks and water. Rock gardens first appeared in English landscape gardens in the 18th ce…
Ampelous plants
Ландшафтные термины
Plants with twining or trailing stems. Grown in ampels (hanging pots, baskets, etc.). Used for decorating gazebos, trellises, canopies, etc.
Empire
Ландшафтные термины
Artistic style of the era of Napoleon I, characterized by a tendency toward monumentality and order in artistic forms. It drew on late 18th-century classicism.
Amphitheatre
Ландшафтные термины
In ancient Roman architecture, it was an entertainment structure with an elliptical plan. In the 17th–18th centuries they began to build them in parks as decorative structures for holding spectacles. In Baroque parks, the amphitheatre refe…
Amphora
Ландшафтные термины
A clay vessel with a narrow neck and two handles, intended for decorating parks. Used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for storing wine, oil, and grain.
Ensemble
Ландшафтные термины
Totality; unity. A functionally linked assemblage of structures, vegetation, and other landscape elements brought into unity and given a distinct artistic appearance. Compositional integrity and architectural-spatial unity are the main cha…
Enfilade
Ландшафтные термины
A series of halls or rooms. In landscape architecture — a sequence of courtyards, individual enclosed green spaces connected to each other by passages aligned along a common axis.
Arrangement
Ландшафтные термины
The placement of flowers and leaves in a bouquet, in vases, baskets, garlands, wreaths.
Arboretum
Ландшафтные термины
A dendrological garden intended for the acclimatization of plants from various climatic zones.
Architectonics
Ландшафтные термины
In ornamental dendrology, it denotes the structure of the crown; it is determined by its size, shape, the nature of branching of shoots and branches, and the beauty of their mutual arrangement.
Architectural garden
Ландшафтные термины
A type of garden in which garden buildings, architecture, and other man-made structures predominate.
Asymmetry
Ландшафтные термины
(ancient Greek α- — «without» and συμμετρια – «non-correspondence») – the absence or violation of symmetry; a principle of organizing elements of a composition that is based on dynamic equilibrium. The opposite principle – symmetry.
Assortment
Ландшафтные термины
A selection of various species of trees, shrubs, and flowers used for landscaping a particular area or site.
Aha (akh-akh)
Ландшафтные термины
The boundary of a garden or park that does not obstruct the view of the surrounding landscape; created using a deep ditch and a retaining wall. This technique was used in parks of the 18th–19th centuries.
Aerosolarium
Ландшафтные термины
An area equipped for air and sun baths.
Balustrade
Ландшафтные термины
An openwork railing for balconies, galleries, staircases, terraces, often formed of low shaped posts - balusters.
Baroque
Ландшафтные термины
An artistic style that dominated Western Europe from the late 16th century to the mid-18th century. It found expression in the creation of gardens and parks in France, Italy and other countries, including Russia. Characteristic features in…
Berceau, bindage
Ландшафтные термины
An arched alley formed by semicircular woven frames on which the crowns of trees met (linden, hornbeam); an area of a garden surrounded by vaulted alleys. Used in gardens and parks of the Baroque era.
Gazebo
Ландшафтные термины
A park open structure whose roof rests on columns or a post. Intended to provide shade, protection from rain, and for relaxation, conversation, reading, and board games.
Bonsai
Ландшафтные термины
The art of growing dwarf trees, through which the Japanese created miniature gardens.
Border
Ландшафтные термины
A low, narrow strip of plants bordering individual areas in gardens and parks.
Bosquet
Ландшафтные термины
A closed, geometrically defined space, bordered on all sides by walls of densely planted trees that have been specially clipped. In Baroque-era parks, the enclosed spaces inside bosquets were called cabinets or green halls. The predominant…
Botanical garden
Ландшафтные термины
A green area intended for scientific research and cultural and educational work in the fields of botany, plant cultivation, and the greening of populated areas.
Broderie
Ландшафтные термины
See Lace parterre.
Cluster plantings
Ландшафтные термины
A landscaping technique that involves planting several seedlings in a single planting hole. A cluster group can also be formed by planting on the stump of a young tree to create conditions for the development of lateral shoots.
Bulengrin
Ландшафтные термины
A special sports-type lawn whose central part is lowered in the form of a flat hollow. Bulengrin is used to enhance the sense of spaciousness in parks and gardens.
Boulevard
Ландшафтные термины
A wide, planted strip set off on the roadway along one or both sides of a street or embankment, intended for pedestrian movement and short-term recreation. The term “boulevard” originally referred to the ramparts of fortress fortifications…
Vertical grading
Ландшафтные термины
A set of measures aimed at transforming the terrain for technical and compositional purposes, including the organization of surface runoff from the site. Its specifics during the reconstruction and restoration of historic parks lie in the …
Vertical greening
Ландшафтные термины
Greening of building facades, park structures and special installations (domes, trellises) with woody climbers and other climbing plants. The purpose of vertical greening is to decorate the facades and walls of buildings, and to protect th…
Vertograd
Ландшафтные термины
Old Russian name for a garden.
Vertugaden
Ландшафтные термины
A small terraced elevation of the amphitheatre type with semicircular convex steps set against a clipped green wall. Used as a stage area; decorated with sculpture, vases, etc.
Viaduct
Ландшафтные термины
A structure for carrying a road across a gorge, deep ravine, dry valley, or over a crossroad. It rests on tall supports. Unlike an overpass, in which all spans are identical, the large span of a viaduct corresponds to its highest part.
View
Ландшафтные термины
Part of a landscape. A term widely used in landscape architecture. The skillful revealing of individual artistically expressive views in the landscape is an important aspect of designing and restoring gardens and parks.
Viewpoint
Ландшафтные термины
A location in the park from which vistas and landscapes are best perceived. Such a place is usually established by providing a viewing platform.
Viridarium
Ландшафтные термины
A planted courtyard, a small garden in the peristyle courtyard of a monastery or dwelling. It usually had a geometric layout with a small fountain or pool in the center and flowerbeds. The walls of the house surrounding the garden were cov…